1. Kilometers
   Meters
2. Yards
   Fathoms

The problem with imperial versus metric measurements is that there's no worldwide standard for something as basic as altitude. While they measure in feet in America, you'll be doing it in meters in a place like Russia.

1. 6,000 lbs
   7,500 lbs
2. 9,500 lbs
   10,000 lbs

A commuter aircraft has to carry passengers on at least 5 round trips per week and the max payload has to be no more than 7,500 lbs. They also have to have under 30 passenger seats.

1. Pitch movements
   Air temperature
2. Drag
   Velocity

A variometer is a simple gauge that can be as simple as a ball in a tube. It is used to measure changes in the pitch of the plane, no matter how subtle they may be. What does that mean? The rate of climb or descent basically.

1. Rudder
   Both
2. Fin
   Neither

Your plane has a vertical airfoil that has two important parts; the fin and the rudder. Your rudder is what moves to affect the yaw of the plane, which is what causes the plane to rotate left or right in the opposite direction it might roll. The fin, on the other hand, stays stationary.

1. Set altitude
   Static altitude
2. Conventional altitude
   Cruising altitude

Your cruising altitude is the constant highest altitude that a plane stays at for the majority of its flight with the exception of its ascent and descent and any corrections that need to be made for weather or other circumstances.

1. Elevation Test
   Emergency Locator Transmitter
2. Extended Length Turn
   Emergency Landing Technique

ELT stands for emergency locator transmitter, which is a piece of equipment that broadcasts an emergency signal on a designated frequency in the event that an accident or other emergency occurs. It can either be set off automatically or you may have to do it manually.

1. The right to fly from one's own country to another
   The right to refuel in a foreign country
2. The right to overfly a foreign country without landing
   The right to fly from a foreign country to one's own

The Chicago Convention lays out a set of 9 freedoms that are part of the International Civil Aviation Organization. The first of these freedoms which coordinate and regulate international air travel gives you the right to overfly a foreign country without landing.

1. Washington, D.C.
   New York, New York
2. Seattle, Washington
   Chicago, Illinois

Located in Washington, D.C., the National Flight Data Center is a facility that was started by the FAA and is basically the central hub of all relevant data and information needed for the flight industry whether government, military or commercial.

1. Vertical
   Transverse
2. Longitudinal
   Horizontal

A plane works in three dimensions so it can move along three separate principal axes. Adverse yaw occurs along the vertical axis. If there were a spike right through the middle of the plane going up and down, adverse yaw would be when it spins to the left or right on that axis.

1. Vertical
   Transverse
2. Longitudinal
   Horizontal

Roll occurs on a plane's longitudinal axis. You can imagine this axis running the length of the plane from nose to tail, and roll occurs as the plane rotates on that axis. So if the left wing lifts and the right wing dips, that's a roll.

1. Variometer
   Flight director system
2. Non-directional beacon
   Altimeter

Altitude is measured by the altimeter, which tells you the plane's altitude above sea level. It determines altitude by measuring atmospheric pressure and needs to be adjusted to account for local barometric pressure.

1. Cruising altitude variation units
   Ceiling and visibility unlimited
2. Central aviation variometer units
   Central airport visibility unlimited

CAVU is a meteorological term that means ceiling and visibility unlimited and refers to ideal flying conditions. Visibility should be 10 miles and your ceiling should be 10,000 feet.

1. The plane deviated to the right.
   The plane deviated to the left.
2. The landing zone is to the left.
   The flight path is being updated to the left.

The course deviation indicator, or CDI, is a gauge that shows the plane's position in relation to a course that's been set out by some kind of radio beacon. If the needle is pointing left then you have gone off course to the right. When you're on course the needle will be straight.

1. Upwind
   Headwind
2. Crosswind
   Driftwind

If the wind is blowing and it's not directly in line with the plane, then that can be classified as a crosswind. Basically any wind that isn't perfectly parallel to the flight path is a crosswind and can make flying more difficult.

1. Dead-stick
   Deadweight
2. Blank
   Blind

You're landing dead-stick if anything that propels the plane has stopped working. The engine and propeller are out and the pilot has to glide in for a landing if at all possible. The stick the term refers to is a reference to old-timey wooden propellers.

1. Weight
   Velocity
2. Drag
   Yaw

Drag is just part of physics, and even Aristotle understood the basic principles of it way back in the day. Something moving forward has a force acting against it essentially pushing back on that forward momentum.

1. Airfoil
   Fuselage
2. Flaperon
   Empennage

The empennage is what provides the stability to the plane during flight and consists of the entire tail assembly such as the rudder and fin. Without a vertical and horizontal stabilizer, it's nearly impossible to fly.

1. Clips
   Knots
2. Dens
   Rips

A plane's speed is measured in knots, much like a boat. A knot is equal to one nautical mile per hour and a nautical mile is slightly different than your average everyday mile, so it's actually about 1.15 miles per hour.

1. Squawk
   Trip
2. Break
   Freep

Formally, you'd call this a transponder code but air traffic control will call it a squawk code. Every aircraft has its own squawk code that they use when speaking to air traffic control, and it helps them organize who and where everyone is in the sky.

1. Portage
   Bus
2. Payload
   Breakage

The payload on an aircraft is anything that the plane is carrying above and beyond the essentials. Most people don't consider that if you break the word down it's a load that pays, which is what cargo or passengers are at the end of the day.

1. Hold cargo
   Cover the wheels
2. Line the engine compartment
   Secure fuel lines

Pants, arguably the best-named piece of equipment in aviation, are also called fairings and they look basically like sleek, streamlined coverings for the wheels on a smaller plane. They help reduce drag on the plane overall.

1. 523 knots
   550 knots
2. 611 knots
   667 knots

Supersonic speed is what you'd call anything that has exceeded Mach 1, otherwise known as the speed of sound. That works out to 768 miles per hour or, in proper aviation terms, 667 knots at 68F at sea level.

1. Kasha's rule
   Heisenberg's uncertainty principle
2. Pascal's law
   Bernoulli's principle

Lift in an aircraft is explained by Bernoulli's principle, which says that an increase in the speed of a fluid, or in this case air, occurs with a decrease in pressure. So the faster you get that plane going on the runway the less pressure on the craft overall ... and boom, you have lift.

1. Suppressor
   Static wire
2. Insulation coil
   Vent system

A static wire is a pretty simple tool which is literally just a wire that you can clip onto the plane to ground it during the fueling process. A static wire draws off static electricity so that you're not worrying about a spark starting a fire.

1. 1
   3
2. 4
   5

There isn't just one speed for aircraft approach, and in fact, there are five categories for aircraft approach based on the kind of aircraft ranging from single-engine to jet airliners to military aircraft. Technically, there's a sixth category for helicopters, too.

1. Soft field
   Country road
2. Roughway
   Breakway

When you can't find a nice, smooth paved runway at a typical airport, sometimes you need to go for something a little more rustic and dirty. In that case, you could make a soft field landing on a dirt runway.

1. Vertical
   Horizontal
2. Longitudinal
   Transverse

Pitch is what occurs on the transverse axis of a plane. The transverse axis runs through the plane from the left side to the right side, so when you pitch on that access the nose will move up or down.

1. Brink
   Threshold
2. Body
   Roll-out

The threshold of a runway is often marked with something like lines or lights and is essentially a kind of border or end of the usable runway surface. It's kind of like a bookend for a runway.

1. Throttle
   Control rod
2. Yoke
   Handle

You'd likely hear someone in a movie call it a stick or just "the controls," but the proper name for the control wheel of any aircraft is actually the yoke. Whether or not anyone in the cockpit uses that term is another matter.

1. Absolute ceiling
   Top shelf
2. Break ceiling
   Scuttle mark

The absolute ceiling is about as high as a plane can fly under normal conditions. Generally, the number an aircraft uses will be the service ceiling, which can be considered the maximum altitude an aircraft "should" fly at, rather than the absolute altitude it can achieve.

1. Tailwind
   Turbulence
2. Wind shear
   Headwind

Wind shear contributed to 26 serious crashes between 1964 and 1985. By 1993, all commercial aircraft were required to have an onboard wind shear detection system to prevent any serious accidents.

1. Stutter step
   Bait-and-switch
2. Touch-and-go
   Ping pong

They call a landing in which you touch down and take off again a touch-and-go landing. Obviously this isn't an everyday technique, but it's something you might do when learning how to fly a fixed-wing aircraft.

1. Ultralight
   Turboprop
2. Fixed-wing
   Single engine

Ultralight aircraft are typically single-seat, slow-flying vehicles that don't even technically qualify as planes. They're flown for recreation and you don't even need pilot certification to use one. They're kind of like those electric scooters that you don't need a license to drive because they're glorified bicycles, but for the air.

1. Turbojet
   Turboprop
2. Tiltrotor
   Turbofan

Turboprop engines work by using the energy produced by the engine to get a turbine moving. That turbine then rotates the propeller which is what generates the thrust for the entire plane. Contrast that with a turbojet engine that uses no propeller but is powerful enough to generate thrust through the compression of air.

1. Empennage
   Elevon
2. Aileron
   Corsair

The aileron on a plane's wing is a hinged flap that you'll see along the flat, inside edge of a plane's wing. Used together on both wings the pilot raises and lowers the ailerons to control the plane's roll during flight, which is the up and down movement of the wings.